Revolutionary Freedom Movement Of India

• The immediate cause of the rebellion of 1857 was the use of greased cartridges, although the other main reasons for this rebellion were economic, social, political, and religious.

• On March 29, 1857, AD, Mangal Pandey, a soldier of the 34th Notice Infantry of Barrackpore, had categorically refused to bite the cartridges found in cow's fat, as a result, he was arrested and hanged on April 8, 1857 AD.

• On May 10, 1857, AD, the foot detachment 20 NI of Meerut started the revolution.

• On May 11, 1857, he reached Delhi in the morning and took control of Delhi.

• The rebels in Delhi were led by the Mughal ruler Bahadur Shah with the help of Bakht Khan.

• Tatya Tope whose real name was Ramchandra Pandurang went to Nepal after the defeat of Jhansi.

• Tatya Tope, who was caught for the betrayal of a landlord friend, was hanged on 18 April 1859.

• Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi died on 17 June 1860 while fighting the British General Huroj.

• 1807 AD The British Prime Minister at the time of the Revolution was Lord Palmerston.

• It was at the time of the Swadeshi movement that Rabindranath Tagore wrote his famous song Amara Sonar Bangla which later became the national song of Bangladesh.

• Bal Gangadhar Tilak was the first Congress leader who traveled to jail several times for the country.

• Impressed by the plagues of the time of plague, the Chaplek brothers (Damodar and Balakrishna) of Poona killed the plague officers Rand and Amerst.

• In Bengal, P. Mitra formed the Anushilan Samiti whose objective was blood for blood.

• Anushilan Samiti sent Hemchandra to Russia to learn the art of making bombs from Russian revolutionaries.

• Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in Maharashtra in 1904 AD. An organization named Abhinav Bharat was established in

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• PN Vapat, a member of Abhinav Bharat Sangathan, went to Paris to learn the art of making bombs.

• Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose on 30 April 1908 AD. Tried to assassinate the Judge Kingsford of Muzaffarpur.

• Aunt committed suicide and Khudiram Bose died on 11 August 1908 at the age of 15. was hanged.

• Gandhiji composed his famous book Hind Swaraj in 1909 AD. I was on my way to London.

• The year 1915 Gandhiji returned to India from South Africa in AD, he made Gopalkrishnan Gokhale his political guru.

• Gandhiji established the Satyagraha Ashram on the banks of the Sabarmati river near Ahmedabad in 1915 when he came to India.

• On coming to India, Gandhiji's first important work in the political field was his opposition to the indentured system (in relation to the recruitment of laborers).

• April 1917 Champaran Satyagraha was started by K Gandhi.

• The first real farmers' satyagraha launched by Gandhi in India was the Kheda Satyagraha in 1918.

• Gandhiji did not start a tax movement in Kheda Gujarat.

• 1960 AD Gandhiji went on a hunger strike for the first time in support of the strike of the Ahmedabad mill workers.

• A dispute started between the mill workers of Ahmedabad and the mill owner Ambalal Sarabhai over lactose and the workers went on strike.

• The founding president of the Harijan Sevak Sangh founded by Gandhi was Ghanshyam Das Birla.

• The All India Khilafat Committee session was held in Delhi on 23 November 1919 and Gandhiji presided over this session.

• Gandhi saw the Khilafat movement as an opportunity for Hindu-Muslim unity.

• 20 June 1920 was celebrated as Khilafat Day.

• The decision to adopt the weapon of non-cooperation was taken in a joint meeting of Hindu Muslims held at Allahabad on 20 June 1920.

• The Khilafat movement came to an end in 1924 when the government formed in Turkey under the leadership of Kamal Pasha abolished the position of Khilafat.

• In September 1920, under the chairmanship of Lala Lajpat Rai, a session of the Congress General Committee was organized in Kolkata to consider the program of the non-cooperation movement.

• 1 August 1920 AD The non-cooperation movement was started by Gandhiji.

• December 1920 AD In the Nagpur session, the Congress confirmed the non-cooperation movement.

• The reasons for the non-cooperation movement were Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Hunter Committee report, demand for Indian Swaraj, etc.

• Muhammad Ali was the first leader to be arrested in the first non-cooperation movement.

• At the beginning of the movement, Mahatma Gandhi returned the title of Rai Bahadur to Kaiser-e-Hind and Jamna Lal Bajaj.

• On the call of Gandhiji, the Tilak Swarajya Fund was established in 1921 to meet the expenses of the non-cooperation movement. In which more than 1 crore was deposited.

• On 5 February 1922, the Chaura-Chauri incident took place in Deoria district of Uttar Pradesh.

• 12 February 1922 AD. Gandhiji announced the end of the non-cooperation movement.

• 13 March 1922 AD. Gandhiji was arrested on 5 February 1924 AD, Judge Broom Field sentenced Gandhiji to 6 years imprisonment for the offense of raising discontent, but due to health problems, Gandhiji was arrested on 5 February 1924. was released.

• In June 1922, the Civil Disobedience Inquiry Committee was constituted by the Congress under the chairmanship of Hakim Ajmal Khan.

• Swaraj Party was formed in Allahabad in March 1923 by CR Das of Motilal Nehru.

• Nagpur Flag Satyagraha was held in Nagpur in 1923 against the ban on the use of the Congress flag.

• Barasat Satyagraha 1923 AD. A tax of 2 to 7 annas was imposed on an adult for the appointment of police teams required to prevent the incident of dacoity, against which there was an agitation.

• The First Round Table Conference was held from 12 November 1930 to 13 January 1931 under the chairmanship of British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, in which Congress did not participate.

• An agreement was signed between Gandhi and Irwin on 5 March 1935 which is known as Gandhi-Irwin Pact.

• Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru were hanged on 23 March 1932 under the Kakori Conspiracy Case, where does Bhagat Singh go to Shaheed-e-Azad.

• Inquilab Zindabad was first used as a slogan by Bhagat Singh though it was composed by Muhammad Iqbal.

• Bhagat Singh said that the edge of the sword of revolution comes only by rubbing it on the ideological stone.

• Bhagwati Charan Vohra wrote Philosophy of the Bomb.

• In the Second Round Table Conference, Madan Mohan Malaviya and Annie Besant participated in this conference at their own expense.

• After the failure of the Second Round Table Conference, Gandhiji resumed the Civil Disobedience Movement on January 3, 1932. The Civil Disobedience Movement was finally withdrawn on April 7, 1934.

• Gandhiji on the failure of the Second Round Table, where the snow mountain of communal differences will melt by the heat of the sun of freedom.

• The Communal Award was issued by British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald on 16 August 1932.

• Gandhiji started a fast unto death against the Communal Award on September 20, 1932, but on September 26, 1932, with the efforts of Madan Mohan Malviya, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Purushottamdas, and C. Rajagopalachari, the Poona Pact was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Ambedkar. Known as the Poona Pact.

• Under the agreement, Ambedkar withdrew the demand for separate representation of Harijans and accepted the principle of joint electorate. The reserved seats for Harijans were increased from 75 to 148 and 18% seats were reserved in the Central Legislature.

• On November 17, 1932, the Third Round Table Conference started in London, which was boycotted by the Congress.

• The personal civil disobedience movement was started by Gandhiji on August 1, 1933.

• The Indian Republican Army was established by Surya Sen in Bengal at this time.

• Suryasen was the President of this temporary revolutionary organization, he was arrested on 16 February 1935 and hanged on 12 January 1935.

• The Government of India Act of 1935 was enacted at the time of Lord Wellington. Burma was separated from India by the Act of 1935.

• Jawaharlal Nehru called the Act of 1935 the Right to Slavery. He called it a machine which has many brakes but not even one engine.

• In the provincial elections of July 1934, Congress government was formed in 6 out of 11 provinces- Madras, United Provinces, Central Provinces, Bihar, Orissa, and Assam, and Congress was the largest party in Bombay and Western Frontier Province. emerged as

• In 1939, in the Tripuri session, Subhash Chandra Bose became the President of Congress by defeating Patabhi Sitaramaiah, Gandhi's candidate.

• The Forward Bloc was established on May 3, 1939, after Subhash Chandra Bose resigned from the Tripuri Congress presidency due to Gandhi's neutrality in the executive.

• The August Resolution was presented by the Viceroy Lord Linlithgow on 8 August 1940.

• In March 1940, the Muslim League presented a proposal for Pakistan in the Lahore session, but the word Pakistan was not mentioned in the resolution.

• The Lahore session was presided over by Jinnah. Whereas in this the draft of the Pakistan proposal was prepared by Sikandar Hayat Khan and it was presented by Fazlul Haq, which was approved by Khaliq Uzzama.

• Individual Satyagraha was started on October 17, 1940, in which the first Satyagrahi was Vinoba Bhave and the second Satyagrahi was Jawaharlal Nehru.

• Churchill was the prime minister of Britain during World War II.

• Under the leadership of US President Roosevelt, Australian Prime Minister Ewar and Chinese President Chiang Kai-shek, the British Prime Minister set up a commission under the chairmanship of Stafford Cripps. This Cripps mission reached India on 22 March 1940 and the Cripps resolution was passed.

• Mahatma Gandhi called the Cripps offer a post-dated cheque.

• Jawaharlal Nehru termed the Eye Cripps proposal as a bank that is falling apart.

• Jawaharlal Nehru said that his old friend Cripps had come to India as the devil's advocate.

• On 15 December 1941, Mohan Singh formed the Azad Hind Fauj in Malaya.

• At the same time, the Indian Independence League was established in Japan by Rash Behari Bose.

• A resolution on the Quit India Movement was passed in the Congress Working Committee meeting held at Wardha on July 14, 1942.

• Initially the Congress was not in favor of the Quit India Movement, so Gandhi said that I will create a bigger movement than the Congress from the sand of the country.

• August 16, 1946 was celebrated by the League as Direct Action Day, whose main center was Naukhali.

• On 24 August 1946, the first Interim National Government of India was announced under the leadership of Pandit Nehru, which was formed on 2 September 1946.

• The League joined the Interim Government on 26 October 1946.

• The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held in Delhi on 9 December 1946, which was boycotted by the Muslim League.

• On 20 February 1947, a historic announcement was made by the British Prime Minister Attlee, under which the British would leave India before June 1948.

• Wavell's break down plan suggested the British to leave India by March 30, 1947.

• Patel said whether Jinnah wants partition or not, now we ourselves want to partition.

• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is called the Bismarck of India. He merged India with PV Menal.

• Mountbatten fixed August 15, 1947, as the day to hand over the truth to the Indians.

• On the basis of the Mountbatten plan, the Indian Independence Bill was presented by Prime Minister Attlee in the British Parliament on 4 July 1947, which was approved on 18 July, according to the bill, India and Pakistan were declared as two independent states.

• Maulana Azad and Purshottamdas Tandon rejected the Mountbatten plan.

• VP Menon planned to divide India into two parts.

• Where did Mountbatten give one man boundary force to Gandhiji?

• India became independent on 15 August 1947 AD.

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